產品詳情資料
PLC的結構及各部分的作用
PLC的類型繁多，功能和指令係統也不盡相同,但結構與工作原理則大同小異，通常由主機、輸入/輸出接口、電源擴展器接口和外部設備接口等幾個主要部分組成.PLC的硬件係統
1、主機
主機部分包括中央處理器（CPU）、係統程序存儲器和用戶程序及數據存儲器。CPU是PLC的核心，它用以運行用戶程序、監控輸入/輸出接口狀態、作出邏輯判斷和進行數據處理，即讀取輸入變量、完成用戶指令規定的各種操作,將結果送到輸出端,並響應外部設備（如電腦、打印機等）的請求以及進行各種內部判斷等.PLC的內部存儲器有兩類，一類是係統程序存儲器，主要存放係統管理和監控程序及對用戶程序作編譯處理的程序，係統程序已由廠家固定，用戶不能更改；另一類是用戶程序及數據存儲器，主要存放用戶編制的應用程序及各種暫存數據和中間結果。
2、輸入/輸出(I/O）接口
I/O接口是PLC與輸入/輸出設備連接的部件。輸入接口接受輸入設備(如按鈕、傳感器、觸點、行程開關等）的控制信號。輸出接口是將主機經處理後的結果通過功放電路去驅動輸出設備（如接觸器、電磁閥、指示燈等）。I/O接口一般採用光電耦合電路，以減少電磁幹擾，從而提高了可靠性.I/O點數即輸入/輸出端子數是PLC的一項主要技術指標,通常小型機有幾十個點，中型機有幾百個點，大型機將超過千點。
3、電源
圖中電源是指為CPU、存儲器、I/O接口等內部電子電路工作所配置的直流開關穩壓電源，通常也為輸入設備提供直流電源。
4、編程
編程是PLC利用外部設備，用戶用來輸入、檢查、修改、調試程序或監示PLC的工作情況。通過的PC/PPI電纜線將PLC與電腦聯接，並利用的軟件進行電腦編程和監控。
5、輸入/輸出擴展單元
I/O擴展接口用於將擴充外部輸入/輸出端子數的擴展單元與基本單元（即主機）連接在一起。
6、外部設備接口
此接口可將打印機、條碼掃描儀，變頻器等外部設備與主機相聯，以完成相應的操作。
實驗裝置提供的主機型號有西門子S7—200係列的CPU224（AC/DC/RELAY）。輸入點數為14，輸出點數為10；CPU226（AC/DC/RELAY）,輸入點數為26，輸出點數為14。
英文產品詳細信息
The structure of PLC and the functions of each part
There are various types of PLCs, and their functions and instruction systems are also different. However, their structure and working principles are similar, usually consisting of several main components such as the host, input/output interfaces, power extender interfaces, and external device interfaces. The hardware system of PLCs
1. Host
The host part includes the central processing unit (CPU), system program memory, and user program and data memory. The CPU is the core of PLC, which is used to run user programs, monitor the status of input/output interfaces, make logical judgments, and perform data processing. It reads input variables, completes various operations specified by user instructions, sends the results to the output end, responds to requests from external devices (such as computers, printers, etc.), and makes various internal judgments. There are two types of internal memory in PLC, one is system program memory, Mainly storing system management and monitoring programs, as well as programs for compiling and processing user programs. The system programs have been fixed by the manufacturer and cannot be changed by users; The other type is user programs and data storage, which mainly store user generated application programs, various temporary data, and intermediate results.
2. Input/Output (I/O) interface
The I/O interface is a component that connects the PLC to input/output devices. The input interface receives control signals from input devices such as buttons, sensors, contacts, travel switches, etc. The output interface is to drive output devices (such as contactors, solenoid valves, indicator lights, etc.) through the power amplifier circuit based on the processed results of the host. I/O interfaces generally use optoelectronic coupling circuits to reduce electromagnetic interference and improve reliability. The number of I/O points, or input/output terminals, is a major technical indicator of PLC. Typically, small machines have dozens of points, medium machines have hundreds of points, and large machines will exceed a thousand points.
3. Power supply
The power supply in the figure refers to a DC switch regulated power supply configured for the operation of internal electronic circuits such as CPU, memory, I/O interface, etc. It usually also provides DC power for input devices.
4. Programming
Programming is the use of external devices by PLC for users to input, check, modify, debug programs, or monitor the operation of the PLC. Connect the PLC to the computer through dedicated PC/PPI cables, and use dedicated software for computer programming and monitoring.
5. Input/output expansion unit
The I/O expansion interface is used to connect the expansion unit that expands the number of external input/output terminals with the basic unit (i.e. the host).
6. External device interface
This interface can connect external devices such as printers, barcode scanners, frequency converters, and the host to complete corresponding operations.
The host model provided for the experimental device is CPU224 (AC/DC/RELAY) of Siemens S7-200 series. The input points are 14 and the output points are 10; CPU226 (AC/DC/RELAY), with 26 input points and 14 output points.
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